This guide provides information on materials and properties of both dry-mix and wet-mix shotcrete. Most facets of the shotcrete process are covered, including application procedures, equipment requirements, and responsibilities of the shotcrete crew. Other aspects, such as preconstruction trials, craftsman qualification tests, materials tests, and finished shotcrete acceptance tests, are also discussed.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1— General

1.1—Introduction

1.2—Scope

1.3—History

1.4—Definitions

1.5—Shotcreting processes

1.6—Properties

1.7—Shotcrete applications

1.8—New developments and potential future uses

 

Chapter 2—Materials

2.1—Introduction

2.2—Delivery, handling, and storage

2.3—Cement

2.4—Aggregate

2.5—Water

2.6—Bonding compounds

2.7—Admixtures

2.8—Reinforcement

2.9—Curing and form coating compounds

 

Chapter 3—Equipment

3.1—Introduction

3.2—Dry-mix equipment

3.3—Wet-mix equipment

3.4—Air requirements

3.5—Mixing equipment

3.6—Hoses

3.7—Nozzles

3.8—Auxiliary equipment

3.9—Plant layout and operation

3.10—Other uses of shotcrete equipment

3.11—Safety

 

Chapter 4—Crew organization

4.1—Introduction

4.2—Composition and duties

4.3—Crew qualifications

4.4—Communications

 

Chapter 5—Preliminary procedures

5.1—Introduction

5.2—Surface preparation

5.3—Formwork

5.4—Reinforcement

5.5—Anchors

5.6—Alignment control

5.7—Joints

5.8—Protection of adjacent surfaces

 

Chapter 6—Proportioning and preconstruction testing

6.1—Introduction

6.2—Performance versus prescription specification

6.3—Proportioning of shotcrete mixture

6.4—Preconstruction testing

 

Chapter 7—Batching and mixing

7.1—Introduction

7.2—Batching

7.3—Mixing

 

Chapter 8—Shotcrete placement

8.1—Introduction

8.2—Special applications and mixtures

8.3—Preliminary procedures

8.4—Shotcrete equipment procedures

8.5—Application of shotcrete

8.6—Finishing

8.7—Tolerances

8.8—Curing

8.9—Hot-weather shotcreting

8.10—Cold-weather shotcreting

8.11—Hazards

 

Chapter 9—Quality control

9.1—Introduction

9.2—Design and quality control

9.3—Materials

9.4—Application equipment

9.5—Craftsmanship

9.6—Placement techniques

9.7—Inspection

9.8—Testing procedures

 

Chapter 10—References

10.1—Referenced standards and reports

10.2—Cited references

 

Appendix—Payment for shotcrete work

A.1—Introduction

A.2—Payment methods

A.3—Factors affecting payment

A.4—Supplementary items

A.5—Methods of measurement

A.6—Pay items

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